What is the brain?
The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.

Adolescence is a time of significant growth and development inside teenage brain (raisingchildren.net.au)Adolescence is the phase of life between childhood and adulthood, from ages 10 to 19. It is a unique stage of human development and an important time for laying the foundations of good health.
Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth. This affects how they feel, think, make decisions, and interact with the world around them.
Despite being thought of as a healthy stage of life, there is significant death, illness and injury in the adolescent years. Much of this is preventable .
(Who.int)

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Brain development builds on itself, as connections eventually link with each other in more complex ways. This enables the child to move and speak and think in more complex ways. The early years are the best opportunity for a child's brain to develop the connections they need to be healthy, capable, successful adults.

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Changes may include: Mood swings including irritability, tearfulness, anger, overwhelming happiness or confusion. Intense emotions of love, low self-esteem, frustration and apathy.
(sexual health education.org)

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Other changes in the brain during adolescence include a rapid increase in the connections between the brain cells and making the brain pathways more effective. Nerve cells develop myelin, an insulating layer that helps cells communicate.
(Aacap.org)

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Other changes in the brain during adolescence include a rapid increase in the connections between the brain cells and making the brain pathways more effective. Nerve cells develop myelin, an insulating layer that helps cells communicate.
(something.org:

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Just as our bodies require care and exercise over the course of our life, so do our brains — especially as we age. Lifting weights strengthens our muscles, while strengthening our mental “muscles” improves our memory, attention, brain speed, people skills, intelligence and navigation. The key is variety.
(sumahealth.org)

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Mood changes and energy level variations are normal parts of puberty, as are swings between feeling independent and wanting parental support. Your child will want to establish their own identity. This can mean exploration of relationships and the world that exists outside of their immediate family increases.

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The development of a child's brain architecture provides the foundation for all future learning, behavior, and health. Brains are built over time, from the bottom up. The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through an ongoing process that begins before birth and continues into adulthood.